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Decision making
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please improve this article if you can. (May 2007)
For Decision making in groups, see Group decision making.
The Thinking Man sculpture at Mus?e Rodin in Paris.
Neuropsychology
Topics
Brain-computer interface ? Traumatic brain injury
Brain regions ? Clinical neuropsychology
Cognitive neuroscience ? Human brain
Neuroanatomy ? Neurophysiology
Phrenology ? Common misconceptions
Brain functions
arousal ? attention
consciousness ? decision making
executive functions ? natural language
learning ? memory
motor coordination ? sensory perception
planning ? problem solving ? thought
People
Arthur L. Benton ? David Bohm
Ant?nio Dam?sio ? Phineas Gage
Norman Geschwind ? Elkhonon Goldberg
Donald O. Hebb ? Kenneth Heilman
Muriel Lezak ? Benjamin Libet
Rodolfo Llin?s ? Alexander Luria
Brenda Milner ? Karl H. Pribram
Oliver Sacks ? Roger W. Sperry ? H. M. ? K. C.
Tests
Bender-Gestalt Test
Benton Visual Retention Test
Clinical Dementia Rating
Continuous Performance Task
Glasgow Coma Scale
Hayling and Brixton tests
Lexical decision task
Mini-mental state examination
Stroop effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Wisconsin card sorting
Tools
Johari Window
Mind and Brain Portal
This box: view ? talk ? edit
Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes (cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice.[1] The output can be an action or an opinion.
Human performance in decision making terms has been subject of active research from several perspectives. From a psychological perspective, it is necessary to examine individual decisions in the context of a set of needs, preferences an individual has and values he/she seeks. From a cognitive perspective, the decision making process must be regarded as a continuous process integrated in the interaction with the environment. From a normative perspective, the analysis of individual decisions is concerned with the logic of decision making and rationality and the invariant choice it leads to.[2]
Yet, at another level, it might be regarded as a problem solving activity which is terminated when a satisfactory solution is found. Therefore, decision making is a reasoning or emotional process which can be rational or irrational, can be based on explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions.
Logical decision making is an important part of all science-based professions, where specialists apply their knowledge in a given area to making informed decisions. For example, medical decision making often involves making a diagnosis and selecting an appropriate treatment. Some research using naturalistic methods shows, however, that in situations with higher time pressure, higher stakes, or increased ambiguities, experts use intuitive decision making rather than structured approaches, following a recognition primed decision approach to fit a set of indicators into the expert's experience and immediately arrive at a satisfactory course of action without weighing alternatives. Also, recent robust decision efforts have formally integrated uncertainty into the decision making process.
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